How Far Is It To Montgomery Alabama

Uppercase urban center of Alabama, United States

State capital city in Alabama, United states of america

Montgomery, Alabama
State uppercase metropolis
Metropolis of Montgomery
Images elevation, left to right: Alabama Country Capitol, Dexter Artery Baptist Church building, Frank M. Johnson Jr. Federal Building and United States Courthouse, Outset White Firm of the Confederacy
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): "The Gump", "Birthplace of the Civil Rights Motility", "Cradle of the Confederacy"
Motto: "Capital of Dreams"[1]
Location within Montgomery County
Montgomery Location within Alabama Evidence map of Alabama Montgomery Location within the United States Show map of the U.s.
Coordinates: 32°21′42″N 86°16′45″W  /  32.36167°North 86.27917°Due west  / 32.36167; -86.27917 Coordinates: 32°21′42″N 86°xvi′45″West  /  32.36167°N 86.27917°Westward  / 32.36167; -86.27917
Country	United States
State	Alabama
Canton	Montgomery
Incorporated	December 3, 1819[2]
Named for	Richard Montgomery
Government
• Blazon	Mayor–Quango
• Mayor	Steven Reed (D)
• Council	Montgomery City Council
Area [3]
• State capital city	162.27 sq mi (420.28 km2)
• Land	159.86 sq mi (414.03 km2)
• H2o	2.41 sq mi (6.25 km2)
Tiptop	240 ft (73 m)
Population (2020)
• State capital city	200,603
• Rank	119th in the U.s. 2nd in Alabama
• Density	ane,254.89/sq mi (484.52/km2)
• Metro [four]	386,047 (142nd)
Time zone	UTC−six (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Cipher Codes	36013, 36043, 36064, 36104, 36105, 36106, 36107, 36108, 36109, 36110, 36111, 36112, 36113, 36115, 36116, 36117
Expanse lawmaking	334
FIPS code	01-51000
GNIS feature ID	165344
Website	montgomeryal.gov

Montgomery is the capital letter city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery Canton.^[5] Named for the Irish gaelic soldier Richard Montgomery, information technology stands beside the Alabama River, on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico. In the 2020 demography, Montgomery'due south population was 200,603.^[6] It is the second most populous city in Alabama, after Huntsville, and is the 119th most populous in the U.s.. The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area'south population in 2020 was 386,047;^[4] it is the 4th largest in the state and 142nd among Us metropolitan areas.^[7]

The urban center was incorporated in 1819 as a merger of two towns situated along the Alabama River. Information technology became the country capital in 1846, representing the shift of ability to the south-fundamental area of Alabama with the growth of cotton as a article ingather of the Black Belt and the rise of Mobile equally a mercantile port on the Gulf Coast. In February 1861, Montgomery was chosen the first capital of the Confederate States of America, which it remained until the Confederate seat of government moved to Richmond, Virginia, in May of that year. In the centre of the 20th century, Montgomery was a major center of events and protests in the Civil Rights Movement,^[8] including the Montgomery bus cold-shoulder and the Selma to Montgomery marches.

In addition to housing many Alabama government agencies, Montgomery has a big military presence, due to Maxwell Air Force Base; public universities Alabama State University, Troy University (Montgomery campus), and Auburn University at Montgomery; two private mail-secondary institutions, Faulkner University and Huntingdon Higher; high-tech manufacturing, including Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama;^[ix] and many cultural attractions, such equally the Alabama Shakespeare Festival and the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts.

Two ships of the Usa Navy accept been named subsequently the city, including USSMontgomery.^[10]

Montgomery has also been recognized nationally for its downtown revitalization and new urbanism projects. It was 1 of the start cities in the nation to implement SmartCode Zoning.^[11]

History [edit]

Prior to European colonization, the east bank of the Alabama River was inhabited by the Alibamu tribe of Native Americans. The Alibamu and the Coushatta, who lived on the w side of the river, were descended from the Mississippian culture. This civilization had numerous chiefdoms throughout the Midwest and South along the Mississippi and its tributaries, and had built massive earthwork mounds as office of their society about 950–1250 AD. Its largest location was at Cahokia, in present-twenty-four hours Illinois east of St. Louis.

The historic tribes spoke mutually intelligible Muskogean languages, which were closely related. Present-day Montgomery is built on the site of two Alibamu towns: Ikanatchati (Ekanchattee or Ecunchatty or Econachatee), meaning "blood-red earth;" and Towassa, built on a bluff chosen Chunnaanaauga Chatty. ^[12] The first Europeans to travel through central Alabama were Hernando de Soto and his expedition, who in 1540 recorded going through Ikanatchati and camping for i calendar week in Towassa.

The adjacent recorded European run across occurred more than than a century later, when an English trek from Carolina went down the Alabama River in 1697. The first permanent European settler in the Montgomery area was James McQueen, a Scots trader who settled there in 1716.^[thirteen] He married a high-condition adult female in the Coushatta or Alabama tribe. Their mixed-race children were considered Muskogean, every bit both tribes had a matrilineal system of property and descent. The children were e'er considered born into their mother'southward clan, and gained their status from her people.

In 1785, Abraham Mordecai, a war veteran from a Sephardic Jewish family of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, established a trading post.^[14] The Coushatta and Alabama had gradually moved south and w in the tidal plain. Later the French were defeated by the British in 1763 in the 7 Years' War and ceded control of their lands, these Native American peoples moved to parts of present-day Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, and then areas of Spanish dominion, which they thought more favorable than British-held areas. By the fourth dimension Mordecai arrived, Creek had migrated into and settled in the area, every bit they were moving away from Cherokee and Iroquois warfare to the n. Mordecai married a Creek woman. When her people had to cede most of their lands subsequently the 1813-14 Creek War, she joined them in removal to Indian Territory. Mordecai brought the outset cotton gin to Alabama.^[xiv]

View of the Capitol, an engraving published in 1857

The Upper Creek were able to discourage nigh white immigration until after the decision of the Creek War. Following their defeat past General Andrew Jackson in August 1814, the Creek tribes were forced to sacrifice 23 1000000 acres to the United States, including remaining land in today's Georgia and nigh of today's central and southern Alabama. In 1816, the Mississippi Territory (1798–1817) organized Montgomery County. Its one-time Creek lands were sold off the side by side year at the federal state role in Milledgeville, Georgia.

The first group of white settlers to come to the Montgomery area was headed by General John Scott. This group founded Alabama Town about 2 miles (3 km) downstream on the Alabama River from present-day downtown Montgomery. In June 1818, county courts were moved from Fort Jackson to Alabama Town. Alabama was admitted to the Wedlock in December 1819.

Soon afterwards, Andrew Dexter Jr. founded New Philadelphia, the present-day eastern part of downtown. He envisioned a prominent future for his town; he set aside a hilltop known as "Goat Hill" as the future site of the country capitol building. New Philadelphia shortly prospered, and Scott and his assembly congenital a new town next, calling it East Alabama Town. Originally rivals, the towns merged on December three, 1819, and were incorporated as the town of Montgomery.^{[2] [xv]}

1887 bird's center illustration of Montgomery

The proper noun Montgomery came from Richard Montgomery, a Revolutionary War general.

Slave traders used the Alabama River to evangelize slaves to planters every bit laborers to work the cotton fiber. Buoyed by the revenues of the cotton trade at a fourth dimension of high marketplace demand, the newly united Montgomery grew quickly. In 1822, the city was designated as the county seat. A new courthouse was built at the present location of Court Foursquare, at the foot of Marketplace Street (at present Dexter Artery).^[16] Court Square had i of the largest slave markets in the S. The state majuscule was moved from Tuscaloosa to Montgomery, on January 28, 1846.^[17]

As state capital, Montgomery began to influence state politics, and it would also play a prominent role on the national phase. Commencement February 4, 1861, representatives from Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Due south Carolina met in Montgomery, host of the Southern Convention,^[eighteen] to form the Confederate States of America. Montgomery was named the start uppercase of the nation, and Jefferson Davis was inaugurated as president on the steps of the Country Capitol. (The capital was later moved to Richmond, Virginia.)

On April 12, 1865, post-obit the Boxing of Selma, Major General James H. Wilson captured Montgomery for the Matrimony.^[xix]

Cotton being brought to market, Montgomery, c. 1900

In 1886 Montgomery became the start city in the United States to install citywide electric streetcars along a system that was nicknamed the Lightning Route. Residents followed the streetcar lines to settle in new housing in what were then "suburban" locations.

Every bit the Reconstruction era ended, mayor W. L. Moses asked the state legislature to gerrymander metropolis boundaries. Information technology complied and removed the districts where African Americans lived, restoring white supremacy to the city'south demographics and electorate. This prevented African Americans from being elected in the municipality and denied them city services. ^[20]

In the post-World State of war Ii era, returning African-American veterans were among those who became active in pushing to regain their civil rights in the South: to be allowed to vote and participate in politics, to freely use public places, to terminate segregation. Co-ordinate to the historian David Beito of the University of Alabama, African Americans in Montgomery "nurtured the modern ceremonious rights movement."^[eight] African Americans comprised most of the customers on the city buses, but were forced to give up seats and fifty-fifty stand up in lodge to make room for whites. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man, sparking the Montgomery bus boycott. Martin Luther Rex Jr., and so the pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, and E.D. Nixon, a local civil rights advocate, founded the Montgomery Improvement Clan to organize the boycott. In June 1956, the US District Court Gauge Frank Chiliad. Johnson ruled that Montgomery'south motorbus racial segregation was unconstitutional. After the US Supreme Court upheld the ruling in November, the city desegregated the bus arrangement, and the boycott was ended.^[21]

In divide action, integrated teams of Freedom Riders rode S on interstate buses. In violation of federal law and the constitution, autobus companies had for decades acceded to country laws and required passengers to occupy segregated seating in Southern states. Opponents of the push for integration organized mob violence at stops along the Freedom Ride. In Montgomery, there was constabulary collaboration when a white mob attacked Liberty Riders at the Greyhound Bus Station in May 1961.^[22] Outraged national reaction resulted in the enforcement of desegregation of interstate public transportation.

Martin Luther King Jr. returned to Montgomery in 1965. Local civil rights leaders in Selma had been protesting Jim Crow laws and practices that raised barriers to blacks registering to vote. Following the shooting of a man after a civil rights rally, the leaders decided to march to Montgomery to petition Governor George Wallace to let costless voter registration. The violence they encountered from county and state highway constabulary outraged the country. The federal regime ordered National Guard and troops to protect the marchers. Thousands more joined the marchers on the way to Montgomery, and an estimated 25,000 marchers entered the capital to press for voting rights. These actions contributed to Congressional passage of the Voting Rights Human action of 1965, to authorize federal supervision and enforcement of the rights of African Americans and other minorities to vote.

On February 7, 1967, a devastating fire broke out at Dale's Penthouse, a restaurant and lounge on the elevation flooring of the Walter Bragg Smith apartment edifice (now called Capital Towers) at seven Clayton Street downtown. Twenty-6 people died.^[23]

In recent years, Montgomery has grown and diversified its economic system. Agile in downtown revitalization, the city adopted a principal plan in 2007; it includes the revitalization of Courtroom Square and the riverfront, renewing the metropolis's connection to the river.^[24] Many other projects under construction include the revitalization of Historic Dexter Avenue, pedestrian and infrastructure improvements along the Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail, and the structure of a new environmental park on West Fairview Avenue.

Geography [edit]

Montgomery is located at 32°21′42″Due north 86°16′45″Westward  /  32.36167°N 86.27917°Due west  / 32.36167; -86.27917 .^[25] According to the U.South. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 156.2 square miles (405 kmⁱⁱ), of which 155.4 square miles (402 kmⁱⁱ) is land and 0.eight square miles (2.1 km²) (0.52%) is h2o. The city is built over rolling terrain at an top of about 220 feet (67 m) above bounding main level.^[26]

Cityscape [edit]

Downtown Montgomery lies along the southern banking company of the Alabama River, about 6 miles (x km) downstream from the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers. The most prominent feature of Montgomery'south skyline is the 375 ft (114 m), RSA Tower, built in 1996 by the Retirement Systems of Alabama.^[27] Other prominent buildings include threescore Commerce Street, 8 Commerce Street, and the RSA Dexter Avenue Edifice. Downtown also contains many land and local government buildings, including the Alabama State Capitol. The Capitol is located atop a hill at ane end of Dexter Avenue, forth which also lies the Dexter Artery Baptist Church, where Martin Luther Rex Jr. was pastor. Both the Capitol and Dexter Baptist Church building are recognized as National Historic Landmarks by the U.S. Department of the Interior.^[28] Other notable buildings include RSA Dexter Avenue, RSA Headquarters, Alabama Center for Commerce, RSA Marriage, and the Renaissance Hotel and Spa.^[29]

1 block s of the Capitol is the First White House of the Confederacy, the 1835 Italianate-style house in which President Jefferson Davis and family unit lived while the Confederate capital was in Montgomery. Montgomery'southward third National Historic Landmark is Union Station. Passenger train service to Montgomery ceased in 1989. Today Union Station is part of the Riverfront Park development, which includes an amphitheater, a riverboat dock,^[30] a river walk, and Riverwalk Stadium.^[31]

Three blocks east of the Convention Heart, Old Alabama Town showcases more than l restored buildings from the 19th century. The Riverwalk is part of a larger programme to revitalize the downtown area and connect information technology to the waterfront. The program includes urban forestry, infill development, and façade renovation to encourage business concern and residential growth.^[24] A 112,000-square-pes (10,400 thou²) The Convention Center, completed in 2007, has encouraged growth and activity in the downtown area, and attracted more high-end retail and restaurants.^[32]

Other downtown developments include celebrated Dexter Avenue, which will be the center of a Market District. A $vi one thousand thousand streetscape project is improving its blueprint.^[33] Maxwell Boulevard is home to the newly built Wright Brothers Park. High-end apartments are planned for this surface area. The Bong Edifice, located across from the Rosa Parks Library and Museum, is being redeveloped for mixed-use retail and residential space.^[34]

The National Memorial for Peace and Justice opened in downtown Montgomery on April 26, 2018. Founded by the Equal Justice Initiative, information technology acknowledges the historic by of racial terrorism and lynching in America.^[35]

Southward of downtown, across Interstate 85, lies Alabama State University. ASU'due south campus was built in Colonial Revival architectural style from 1906 until the beginning of World War II.^{[36] [37]} Surrounding ASU are the Garden District and Cloverdale Historic District. Houses in these areas date from around 1875 until 1949, and are in Late Victorian and Gothic Revival styles.^[37] Huntingdon College is on the southwestern edge of Cloverdale. The campus was congenital in the 1900s in Tudor Revival and Gothic Revival styles.^[38] ASU, the Garden District, Cloverdale, and Huntingdon are all listed on the National Register of Historic Places as historic districts.^[37]

Montgomery'southward east side is the fastest-growing part of the metropolis.^[39] Evolution of the Dalraida neighborhood, along Atlanta Highway, began in 1909, when developers Melt and Laurie bought state from the Ware plantation. A Scotsman, Georgie Laurie named the surface area for Dál Riata, a sixth-7th century Gaelic overkingdom; a subsequent misspelling in an advertisement led to the current spelling. The first lots were sold in 1914.^[40] The city's ii largest shopping malls (Eastdale Mall and The Shoppes at Eastchase),^{[41] [42]} as well as many big-box stores and residential developments, are on the east side.

The area is too home of the Wynton M. Blount Cultural Park. This 240-acre (1.0 km²) park contains the Alabama Shakespeare Festival and Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts.^[43]

Revitalization [edit]

Montgomery has been recognized nationally for its continuing downtown revitalization. In the early 2000s, the city constructed the Montgomery Biscuits pocket-size league baseball game stadium and Riverfront Park. Following those developments, hundreds of millions of dollars have been invested by individual companies that take adapted former warehouses and office buildings into loft apartments, restaurants, retail, hotels, and businesses. The demand for downtown living space has risen, as people want to take walkable, lively neighborhoods. More than 500 apartment units are under construction, including The Heights on Maxwell Boulevard, The Market District on Dexter Artery, the Kress Building on Dexter Artery, The Bong Building on Montgomery Street, and a new complex past the convention center.

Climate [edit]

Montgomery has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with short, mild winters, warm springs and autumns, and long, hot, boiling summers. The daily average temperature in January is 46.6 °F (8.1 °C), and there are 3.four days of sub twenty °F (−7 °C) lows; ten °F (−12 °C) and below is extremely rare. The daily average in July is 81.8 °F (27.7 °C), with highs exceeding 90 °F (32.2 °C) on 86 days per year and 100 °F (37.8 °C) on three.nine. Summertime afternoon heat indices, much more often than the actual air temperature, are oft at or above 100 °F.^[44] The diurnal temperature variation tends to exist large in bound and fall. Rainfall is well-distributed throughout the yr, though Feb, March and July are the wettest months, while Oct is significantly the driest month. Snowfall occurs only during some winters, and even and so is usually low-cal. Substantial snowstorms are rare, just do occur approximately once every ten years. Extremes range from −5 °F (−21 °C) on February 13, 1899^[45] to 107 °F (42 °C) on July 7, 1881.^[46]

Thunderstorms bring much of Montgomery'south rainfall. These are common during the summer months but occur throughout the year. Astringent thunderstorms – producing big hail and damaging winds in add-on to the usual hazards of lightning and heavy rain – can occasionally occur, especially during the spring. Severe storms also bring a risk of tornadoes. Sometimes, tropical disturbances – some of which strike the Gulf Declension as hurricanes before losing intensity every bit they move inland – can bring very heavy rains.

Climate data for Montgomery, Alabama (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1872–present)
Month	January	February	Mar	April	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Yr
Record high °F (°C)	83 (28)	86 (thirty)	90 (32)	94 (34)	99 (37)	106 (41)	107 (42)	106 (41)	106 (41)	102 (39)	91 (33)	85 (29)	107 (42)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	76 (24)	79 (26)	85 (29)	87 (31)	93 (34)	97 (36)	98 (37)	99 (37)	96 (36)	90 (32)	83 (28)	78 (26)	100 (38)
Average high °F (°C)	59.eight (15.four)	64.7 (18.2)	71.ix (22.2)	78.8 (26.0)	86.0 (thirty.0)	91.v (33.1)	93.7 (34.3)	93.6 (34.2)	89.three (31.8)	80.2 (26.8)	69.8 (21.0)	61.9 (16.6)	78.four (25.8)
Daily hateful °F (°C)	48.i (8.ix)	52.6 (xi.iv)	59.2 (fifteen.1)	65.seven (eighteen.7)	73.half dozen (23.1)	80.2 (26.8)	82.9 (28.3)	82.5 (28.1)	77.8 (25.4)	67.4 (nineteen.7)	56.half-dozen (13.7)	l.ii (10.1)	66.4 (19.1)
Boilerplate low °F (°C)	36.5 (two.5)	twoscore.four (four.7)	46.v (viii.i)	52.half dozen (11.4)	61.3 (xvi.iii)	69.0 (20.6)	72.1 (22.3)	71.4 (21.ix)	66.3 (19.1)	54.five (12.5)	43.3 (vi.three)	38.half dozen (three.vii)	54.4 (12.iv)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	19 (−seven)	24 (−4)	29 (−2)	37 (3)	47 (8)	sixty (sixteen)	67 (xix)	64 (18)	53 (12)	37 (three)	27 (−3)	23 (−5)	17 (−8)
Record low °F (°C)	0 (−18)	−five (−21)	17 (−eight)	28 (−two)	40 (4)	48 (9)	59 (15)	56 (13)	39 (4)	26 (−3)	13 (−11)	5 (−15)	−5 (−21)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	four.64 (118)	4.88 (124)	5.21 (132)	3.99 (101)	three.88 (99)	four.08 (104)	five.06 (129)	iv.02 (102)	3.69 (94)	2.87 (73)	3.85 (98)	4.99 (127)	51.16 (1,299)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.76)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.25)	0.4 (ane.0)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	10.four	9.5	9.1	seven.vii	8.1	10.3	11.7	nine.7	6.five	half-dozen.4	vii.0	ten.two	106.6
Boilerplate snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.i	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.4
Average relative humidity (%)	69.8	66.v	66.0	66.8	seventy.6	71.7	75.seven	76.0	73.9	71.1	71.7	lxx.ix	70.nine
Average dew point °F (°C)	34.nine (1.6)	36.ix (2.7)	44.2 (6.viii)	52.0 (xi.1)	60.4 (15.viii)	66.9 (19.four)	70.vii (21.5)	70.iii (21.3)	65.1 (18.iv)	53.4 (11.9)	45.5 (7.5)	38.5 (3.half-dozen)	53.two (xi.eight)
Hateful monthly sunshine hours	153.ane	166.0	219.4	250.8	267.4	261.viii	262.1	251.9	226.4	228.iii	171.4	153.1	2,611.vii
Percent possible sunshine	48	54	59	64	62	61	60	61	61	65	54	49	59
Source: NOAA (snow 1981–2010, relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)[47] [48] [49] [50] [51]

Demographics [edit]

Historical population
Census	Popular.		%±
1830	695		—
1840	2,179		213.5%
1850	4,728		117.0%
1860	8,843		87.0%
1870	x,588		19.7%
1880	16,713		57.viii%
1890	21,883		30.9%
1900	30,346		38.7%
1910	38,136		25.7%
1920	43,464		14.0%
1930	66,079		52.0%
1940	78,084		18.two%
1950	106,525		36.4%
1960	134,393		26.ii%
1970	133,386		−0.7%
1980	177,857		33.3%
1990	187,106		5.2%
2000	201,568		7.7%
2010	205,764		2.ane%
2020	200,603		−2.5%
U.Southward. Decennial Census[52] 2010–2020[6]

Map of racial distribution in Montgomery, 2010 U.Due south. Demography. Each dot is 25 people: ⬤  White

⬤  Black

⬤  Asian

⬤  Hispanic

⬤  Other

2020 census [edit]

Montgomery racial limerick^[53]

Race	Num.	Perc.
White (non-Hispanic)	57,071	28.45%
Blackness or African American (non-Hispanic)	120,349	59.99%
Native American	322	0.16%
Asian	vii,171	iii.57%
Pacific Islander	105	0.05%
Other/Mixed	v,916	2.95%
Hispanic or Latino	9,669	4.82%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 200,603 people, 78,225 households, and 45,031 families residing in the city.

2010 census [edit]

As of the 2010 census, the population of the urban center was 205,764.^[54] In that location were 81,486 households, out of which 29% had children under the age of eighteen living with them. The racial makeup of the city was 37.3% White, 56.6% Black, ii.ii% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.ane% Pacific Islander, 2.ii% from other races, and i.3% from two or more races. iii.ix% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.^[55] Non-Hispanic Whites were 36.one% of the population in 2010,^[55] downwardly from 66% in 1970.^[56] The population density varies in different parts of the city; Eastward Montgomery (Taylor Rd and East), the non-Hispanic White population is 74.v%, eight.3% African American, Latino 3.2%, other non-white races carry 2.7% of the population.

The metropolis population was spread out, with 24.9% under the historic period of xviii, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 24.two% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.vi males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, in that location were 84.5 males. The median income for a household in the metropolis was $41,380, and the median income for a family unit was $53,125. Males had a median income of $40,255 versus $33,552 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,139. Most 18.2% of families and 21.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.8% of those under age xviii and 8.4% of those historic period 65 or over.

Economy [edit]

Montgomery'southward central location in Alabama's Black Belt has long made it a processing hub for commodity crops such as cotton fiber, peanuts, and soybeans. In 1840 Montgomery Canton led the state in cotton wool product,^[57] and by 1911, the city candy 160,000–200,000 bales of cotton annually.^[58] Montgomery has also had large metal fabrication and lumber product sectors.^[58]

Due to its location along the Alabama River and extensive rail connections, Montgomery has been and continues to be a regional distribution hub for a broad range of industries. Since the late 20th century, it has diversified its economy, achieving increased employment in sectors such equally healthcare, business, authorities, and manufacturing. Today, the city'due south Gross Metropolitan Product is $12.xv billion, representing 8.7% of the gross state production of Alabama.^[59]

According to Bureau of Labor Statistics data from October 2008, the largest sectors of not-agronomical employment were: Government, 24.iii%; Merchandise, Transportation, and Utilities, 17.three% (including 11.0% in retail trade); Professional and Business Services, xi.9%; Manufacturing, 10.9%; Education and Health Services, x.0% (including eight.v% in Health Care & Social Help); Leisure and Hospitality, 9.2%; Financial Activities, 6.0%, Natural Resources, Mining and Construction, five.i%; Information, 1.4%; and Other services iv.0%. Unemployment for the aforementioned flow was 5.7%, 2.v% higher than October 2007.^[threescore] The city also draws in workers from the surrounding expanse; Montgomery's daytime population rises 17.4% to 239,101.

Every bit of January 2011, Montgomery's largest employers were Maxwell-Gunter Air Forcefulness Base (12,280 employees), the land of Alabama (nine,500), Montgomery Public Schools (iv,524), Baptist Health (iv,300), Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama (iii,000), Alfa Insurance (2,568), the City of Montgomery (2,500), Jackson Hospital & Clinic (ane,300), Rheem Water Heaters (ane,147), and Regions (977).^[61]

According to Pennsylvania Land Academy'south Living Wage Calculator, the living wage for the metropolis is US$viii.02 per hour (or $16,691 per yr) for an individual and $25.80 per 60 minutes ($53,662 per year) for a family of 4.^[62] These are slightly higher than the country averages of $7.45 per hour for an individual and $25.36 for a family of four.^[63]

Health care [edit]

Montgomery serves as a hub for healthcare in the central Alabama and Black Chugalug region. Hospitals located in the metropolis include Baptist Medical Center Due south on South East Boulevard, Baptist Medical Heart East next to the campus of Auburn Academy Montgomery on Taylor Route, and Jackson Hospital, which is located side by side to Oak Park off interstate 85. Montgomery is besides home to two medical school campuses: Baptist Medical Middle Due south (run by University of Alabama at Birmingham) and Jackson Infirmary (run by Alabama Medical Teaching Consortium).

Law and regime [edit]

Montgomery operates nether a Mayor–quango government organisation. The mayor and council members are elected to four-yr terms. The current mayor is Steven Reed,^[64] who was elected as the city'due south first African-American mayor in a runoff ballot which was held on October viii, 2019.^[65] The metropolis is served by a nine-member city council, elected from ix single-member districts of equal size population.

Every bit the seat of Montgomery County, the urban center is the location of county courts and the county committee, elected separately. Montgomery is the capital letter of Alabama, and hosts numerous state government offices, including the part of the Governor, the Alabama Legislature, and the Alabama Supreme Court.

At the federal level, Montgomery is part of Alabama's 2nd, 7th, and 3rd Congressional district, currently represented past Barry Moore, Terri Sewell, and Mike Rogers, respectively. The 7th represents most of Western Montgomery, the 2nd Southern and Northern Montgomery, and the 3rd Eastern Montgomery.

Criminal offense [edit]

Montgomery
Criminal offence rates* (2018)
Vehement crimes
Homicide	29
Rape	39
Robbery	391
Aggravated assault	757
Total violent crime	i,216
Property crimes
Break-in	ii,052
Larceny-theft	5,456
Motor vehicle theft	972
Total property law-breaking	eight,480
Notes *Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. 2018 population: 198,662 Source: 2018 FBI UCR Information

Montgomery'southward violent criminal offence rates compare unfavorably to other big cities in the state. In 2009, Montgomery's crime rates were favorable compared to other large Alabamian cities such as Huntsville, Mobile, and Birmingham. However, criminal offence rose in the 2010s and early 2020s, leading to a record loftier of over 320 shooting victims and over 77 homicide victims in 2021.^{[66] [67]} In 2022 Montgomery's violent law-breaking rate was 514 per 100,000, earning only a crime score rating of ix/100.^[68] For property crimes, Montgomery's average is similar to Alabama's other big cities, simply college than the overall country and national averages.^{[69] [70]}

Recreation [edit]

Montgomery has more than 1,600 acres of parkland, which are maintained and operated by the Urban center of Montgomery Parks and Recreation Department. The department also operates 24 community centers, a skate park, two golf courses (Lagoon Park and Gateway Park), Cramton Bowl Stadium and Multiplex, two tennis centers (Lagoon Park and O'Conner), 65 playgrounds, 90 baseball/softball fields, 24 soccer fields including the Emory Folmar Soccer Facility, and one riverboat.^[71] An environmental park is under structure along West Fairview Avenue shut to Interstate 65.^{[ citation needed ]}

Culture [edit]

Montgomery has 1 of the biggest arts scenes of any mid-sized urban center in America. The Winton K. Blount Cultural Park (named for Winton Chiliad. Blount) in east Montgomery is habitation to the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts. The museum'southward permanent collections include American fine art and sculpture, Southern fine art, master prints from European masters, and collections of porcelain and glass works.^[72] The Society of Arts and Crafts operates a co-op gallery for local artists.^[73]

Montgomery Zoo holds more than than 500 animals, from five continents, in forty acres (0.16 km²) of barrier-free habitats.^[74] The Hank Williams Museum contains ane of the largest collections of Williams memorabilia in the world.^[75] The Museum of Alabama serves equally the official land history museum and is located in the Alabama Department of Archives and History building downtown.^[76] This museum was renovated and expanded in 2013 in a $ten million project that includes technological upgrades and many new exhibits and displays. The W. A. Gayle Planetarium, operated past Troy Academy, is one of the largest in the southeast United States and offers tours of the night sky and shows about electric current topics in astronomy. The planetarium was upgraded to a full-dome digital projector in 2014.^[77]

Blount Park as well contains the Alabama Shakespeare Festival's Carolyn Blount Theatre. The Shakespeare Festival presents year-circular performances of both classic plays and performances of local interest, in add-on to works of William Shakespeare.^[78] The 1200-seat Davis Theatre for the Performing Arts, on the Troy University at Montgomery campus, opened in 1930 and was renovated in 1983. It houses the Montgomery Symphony Orchestra, Alabama Dance Theatre and Montgomery Ballet, likewise as other theatrical productions.^[79] The Symphony has been performing in Montgomery since 1979.^[fourscore] The Capri Theatre in Cloverdale was built in 1941, and today shows independent films.^[81] The 1800-seat state-of-the-art Montgomery Performing Arts Eye opened within the newly renovated convention center downtown in 2007. It hosts a range of performances, from Broadway plays to concerts, and performers such equally BB Rex, Gregg Allman, and Merle Haggard.

Numerous musical performers take roots in Montgomery: Toni Tennille of the duo The Captain and Tennille, jazz vocalist and pianist Nat King Cole, country singer Hank Williams,^[82] blues singer Big Mama Thornton, Melvin Franklin of The Temptations, and guitarist Tommy Shaw of Styx.^[83]

Writer and artist Zelda Sayre was born in Montgomery. In 1918, she met F. Scott Fitzgerald, and so a immature soldier stationed at an Regular army post nearby. The firm where they lived when first married is today operated as the F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald Museum.^{[84] [85]} Poet Sidney Lanier lived in Montgomery and Prattville immediately after the Civil State of war, while writing his novel Tiger Lilies. ^[86]

In addition to those notable earlier musicians, some of the rock bands from Montgomery accept achieved national success since the late 20th century. Locals artists Trust Company were signed to Geffen Records in 2002. Hot Rod Circuit formed in Montgomery in 1997 under the name Antidote, just achieved success with Vagrant Records after moving to Connecticut.

Sports [edit]

Montgomery is home of the Montgomery Biscuits baseball team. The Biscuits play in the Grade AA Southern League. They are affiliated with the Tampa Bay Rays, and play at Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium.^[87] Riverwalk Stadium hosted the NCAA Sectionalization II National Baseball Championship from 2004 until 2007. The championship had previously been played at Paterson Field in Montgomery from 1985 until 2003.^[88] Riverwalk Stadium has also been host to ii Southern League All-Star games in 2006 and 2015.

The Yokohama Tire LPGA Classic women'due south golf event is held at the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail at Capitol Hill in nearby Prattville.^[89] Garrett Coliseum was the domicile of the now-defunct Montgomery Bears indoor football team.

Montgomery is as well the site of sporting events hosted by the area's colleges and universities. The Alabama State Academy Hornets play in NCAA Sectionalization I competition in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The football team plays at Hornet Stadium, the basketball teams play at the Dunn-Oliver Acadome, and the baseball team plays at the ASU Baseball game Complex, which recently opened on March 26, 2010. Auburn University at Montgomery also fields teams in NAIA competition. Huntingdon College participates at the NCAA Partitioning Three level and Faulkner University is a fellow member of the NAIA and is a nearby rival of Auburn University at Montgomery. The Bluish–Gray Football Classic was an annual college football all-star game held from 1938 until 2001.^[ninety] In 2009, the city played host to the first annual Historical Black College and University (HBCU) All-Star Football Bowl played at Cramton Bowl. Commencement in 2014 Montgomery will be host to the Southern Intercollegiate Able-bodied Conference football game championship; this will take place in Cramton Bowl. Starting in Dec 2014, Montgomery will host the Camellia Bowl at the Cramton Bowl every bit part of the almanac higher football basin game schedule.^[91] Montgomery annually hosts the Max Capital City Classic inside Riverwalk Stadium which is a baseball game game between big rivals Auburn Academy and The University of Alabama.

Several successful professional person athletes hail from Montgomery, including Pro Football game Hall of Famer Bart Starr^[92] and two-time Olympic gold medalist in track and field Alonzo Babers.^[93]

The urban center was host to the 2015 World Firewoman Combat Challenge. It aired on ESPN in October of that year.

In 2016 Montgomery was also the host city to the National Horseshoe Pitchers Association Earth Horseshoe Tournament.

Civic organizations [edit]

Montgomery has many agile governmental and nonprofit civic organizations. City funded organizations include the Montgomery Clean City Committee (a Keep America Beautiful Affiliate) which works to promote cleanliness and ecology sensation. BONDS (Building Our Neighborhoods for Development and Success) which works to engage citizens nearly urban center/nonprofit programs, coordinates/assists neighborhood associations, and works to promote neighborhood and civic pride amid Montgomery residents.

A number of organizations are focused on diversity relations and the city's rich ceremonious rights history. Leadership Montgomery provides citizenship training. Span Builders Alabama works with loftier school youth to promote diversity and civic appointment. The group I Montgomery was founded in 1983 and is a forum for networking of a various grouping of citizens active in borough diplomacy. Montgomery is also dwelling house to The Legacy Museum, Ceremonious Rights Memorial, The National Memorial for Peace and Justice, Freedom Rides Museum, the National Middle for the Study of Civil Rights and African-American Culture, and the Rosa Parks Library and Museum.^[94]

Education [edit]

Auburn University at Montgomery

Virtually of the metropolis of Montgomery and Montgomery County are served past the Montgomery Public Schools system.^[95] Every bit of 2007, there were 32,520 students enrolled in the organisation, and 2,382 teachers employed. The system manages 32 elementary schools, ten center schools, and 5 high schools likewise as 9 magnet schools, 1 alternative schoolhouse, and two special education centers.^[96] Montgomery is i of the only cities in Alabama to host 3 public schools with International Baccalaureate programs. In 2007, Forest Artery Academic Magnet Elementary School and in 2015, Bear Exploration Center were named a National Blue Ribbon School.^[97] In 2022, LAMP Loftier School was named the No. vii magnet schoolhouse in the The states and No. i public high school in the state of Alabama on U.S. News & World Report 'southward list.^[98] Three other Montgomery Public Schools high schools were besides on the list, the most of whatsoever public school system in the land (BTW Magnet, Brewbaker Technology Magnet, and George Washington Carver Loftier School).

Maxwell Air Strength Base is zoned to Department of Defence Teaching Activity (DoDEA) schools for grades K-eight.^[95] The DoDEA operates Maxwell Air Force Base Elementary/Middle School.^[99] For loftier school Maxwell AFB residents are zoned to Montgomery Public Schools facilities: residents of the main base are zoned to Carver High, while residents of the Gunner Annex are zoned to Robert E. Lee Loftier School. Residents may nourish magnet schools.^[100]

Montgomery is also home to 28 private schools.^[101]

The Montgomery Metropolis-Canton Public Library operates eleven public libraries in locations throughout the metropolis and county.

The urban center is habitation to Alabama'due south oldest constabulary library, the Supreme Court and State Law Library, founded in 1828. Located in the Heflin-Torbert Judicial Building, the Constabulary Library owns a rare volume drove containing works printed every bit early on as 1605.

Montgomery has been the home of Alabama State University, a historically blackness university, since the Lincoln Normal University for Teachers relocated from Marion in 1887. Today, ASU is the second largest HBCU in Alabama enrolling near v,000 students from 42 U.South. states and 7 countries.^[102] The public Troy University maintains a 3,000 educatee population campus in downtown Montgomery that houses the Rosa Parks Library and Museum. Another public institution, Auburn University at Montgomery, with an enrollment of well-nigh 5,000 overwhelmingly from the Montgomery area, is in the eastern part of the metropolis.^[103] Montgomery's Baptist Medical Center South also hosts a branch of the University of Alabama Birmingham medical school on its campus on the Eastern Boulevard.

Montgomery also is home to several private colleges: Faulkner University, which has an enrollment of 3,500, is a Church of Christ-affiliated schoolhouse which is domicile to the Thomas Goode Jones Schoolhouse of Law.^[104] Huntingdon College, which has a electric current student population of one,000 and is affiliated with the United Methodist Church;^[105] Virginia College and Amridge University.

Several two-twelvemonth colleges have campuses in Montgomery, including H. Councill Trenholm State Technical College^[106]

Maxwell Air Force Base is the headquarters for Air University, the U.s.a. Air Force's center for professional military teaching. Branches of Air University based in Montgomery include the Squadron Officer School, the Air Command and Staff College, the Air War College, and the Customs College of the Air Force.^[107]

Media [edit]

The morning newspaper, the Montgomery Advertiser, began publication as The Planter's Gazette in 1829. It is the chief paper of central Alabama and is affiliated with the Gannett Corporation. In 1970, then publisher Harold E. Martin won the Pulitzer Prize for special reporting while at the Advertiser. The Alabama Journal was a local afternoon paper from 1899 until April 16, 1993, when it published its final issue earlier merging with the forenoon Advertiser.

Montgomery is served by vii local tv set stations: WNCF 32 (ABC), WSFA 12 (NBC), WCOV 20 (Fox), WBMM 22 (CW), WAIQ 26 (PBS), WMCF-Idiot box 45 (TBN), WFRZ-LD 33 (Religious and Educational). In addition, WAKA 8 (CBS), licensed to Selma simply operating out of Montgomery, and WBIH 29 (independent) located in Selma, and WIYC 67 (AMV) is licensed to Troy. Montgomery is part of the Montgomery-Selma Designated Market place Expanse (DMA), which is ranked 118th nationally by Nielsen Media Enquiry.^[108] Charter Communications and Knology provide cable television set service. DirecTV and Dish Network provide direct broadcast satellite television set including both local and national channels to area residents.

The Montgomery area is served by 8 AM radio stations: WMSP, WMGY, WZKD, WTBF, WGMP, WAPZ, WLWI, and WXVI; and xix FM stations: WJSP, WAPR, WELL, WLBF, WTSU, WVAS, WLWI, WXFX, WQKS, WWMG, WVRV, WJWZ, WBAM, WALX, WHHY, WMXS, WHLW, WZHT, and WMRK. Montgomery is ranked 150th largest by Arbitron.^[109]

NOAA Weather Radio station KIH55 broadcasts weather and take chances information for Montgomery and vicinity.

Transportation [edit]

Two interstate highways run through Montgomery. Interstate 65 is the primary north–southward expressway through the city leading between Birmingham and Huntsville to the northward and Mobile to the s. Montgomery is the southern terminus of Interstate 85, another north–south state highway (though running e–west in the urban center), which leads northeast to Atlanta and Charlotte. The major surface street thoroughfare is a loop consisting of State Route 152 in the north, U.S. Highway 231 and U.S. Highway 80 in the due east, U.S. Highway 82 in the southward, and U.S. Highway 31 along the due west of the city. The Alabama Department of Transportation is planning the Outer Montgomery Loop to ease traffic congestion in the metropolis. It is planned to connect Interstate 85 near Mt. Meigs to U.South. Highway 80 southwest of the city.^[110] Upon completion of the loop, it will carry the I-85 designation while the original I-85 into the city center will be redesignated I-685.

Montgomery Area Transit System (The 1000) provides public transportation with buses serving the metropolis. The organisation has 32 buses providing an average of 4500 rider trips daily.^[111] The Thou's ridership has shown steady growth since the system was revamped in 2000; the system served over 1 million passenger trips in 2007.^[112] Greyhound Lines operates a concluding in Montgomery for intercity autobus travel; Megabus (Northward America) also operates in the city out of the downtown Intermodal Transit Facility.^[113]

Montgomery Regional Drome, also known as Dannelly Field, is the major airport serving Montgomery. Information technology serves primarily as an Air National Guard base and for general aviation, just commercial airlines wing to regional connections to Atlanta, Dallas–Fort Worth and Charlotte.^[114]

Passenger rail service to Montgomery was enhanced in 1898 with the opening of Union Station. Service connected until 1979, when Amtrak terminated its Floridian road.^[115] Amtrak returned from 1989 until 1995 with the Gulf Breeze, an extension of the Crescent line.^[116]

Co-ordinate to the 2016 American Community Survey, 84.3% of working city of Montgomery residents commuted by driving lone, viii.eight% carpooled, 0.four% used public transportation, and 0.vi% walked. Nigh three.5% used all other forms of transportation, including taxicab, motorbike, and bike. About 5.9% of working urban center of Montgomery residents worked at abode.^[117] Despite the loftier level of commuting past machine, eight.5% of city of Montgomery households were without a machine in 2015, which increased to 11% in 2016. The national average was 8.7 per centum in 2016. Montgomery averaged 1.62 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.^[118]

Notable people [edit]

Sister city [edit]

Montgomery has one sister city:

• Pietrasanta, Lucca, Tuscany, Italy^{[119] [120]}

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and everyman temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.

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113. ^ "Greyhound.com : Locations: Montgomery, Alabama". Archived from the original on November 16, 2008. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
114. ^ "Canceled flights: Continental drops Montgomery routes". Archived from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
115. ^ "Floridian". Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
116. ^ "Gulf Breeze". Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
117. ^ "Ways of Transportation to Work by Age". Census Reporter. Archived from the original on May 20, 2018. Retrieved May eighteen, 2018.
118. ^ "Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map". Governing. December nine, 2014. Archived from the original on May 11, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
119. ^ "Montgomery, "Sister City" celebration starting Wednesday", Montgomery Advertiser, April 26, 2009, archived from the original on June 28, 2014, retrieved May two, 2009
120. ^ Montgomery now has a sis urban center, April 29, 2009, archived from the original on March 7, 2014, retrieved July 23, 2012

References [edit]

• Burton, Gary P., "The Founding Iv Churches: An Overview of Baptist Beginnings in Montgomery Canton, Alabama", Baptist History and Heritage (Spring 2012), 47#1 pp 39–51.
• 50. P. Powell (editor), in Historic Towns of the Southern States, (New York, 1900)
• Jeffry C. Benton (editor) A Sense of Place, Montgomery'southward Architectural History ( )
• Uriah J, Fields. "The Montgomery Improvement Association." www.MIK-kpp01.stanford.edu. Spider web. January 17, 2013
• "Our Mission" Archived September 24, 2016, at the Wayback Auto . January 17, 2013
• Dunn M. John. "The Montgomery Bus Boycott." The Civil Right Motion. 1998. Book. January 18, 2013
  • Hare, Ken. "Overview." Montgomery Advertiser. . 2012. Web. Jan 17, 2013
• "Browder V. Gayle." Cadre. www.Core-online.org/history/browdervgayle.htm. Web. January 21, 2013
• Burns, Stewart. "Montgomery Jitney Boycott." Encyclopedia of Alabama. www.Encyclopediaofalabama.org. June, 9. 2008. Spider web. 21, Jan. 2013
• "Montgomery Improvement Association." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. Jan 16, 2013

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Montgomery article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama
• "Montgomery". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
• "Montgomery (Alabama)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 784.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama

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